The organ of meaning
For Frankl, conscience is the “organ of meaning” - the capacity to intuitively discover what is right in a given, unique situation. General values (norms, principles) cover typical situations; conscience guides us in situations that are one of a kind.
Conscience can err
Conscience is human and therefore fallible. A person has no certainty of having read the meaning correctly - and yet must decide. This is at once an expression of humility and of freedom.
Conscience and the superego
Frankl distinguished conscience from the Freudian superego. The superego consists of internalised commands of parents and society; conscience can oppose them - as in those who, under totalitarian regimes, acted against the prevailing norms.
Educating conscience
In an age when traditions are fading and the ten commandments are losing their force for many, the task of education - according to Frankl - is to sharpen conscience, so that a person can hear the “ten thousand commandments” hidden in the ten thousand situations of life.
The transcendent dimension
In “The Unconscious God” Frankl wrote that conscience points beyond the human being - it is the “voice of transcendence”.
Sources
V. E. Frankl, The Unconscious God (Der unbewusste Gott); The Will to Meaning.